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File Created: 24-Jul-1985 by BC Geological Survey (BCGS)
Last Edit:  04-Apr-2022 by Karl A. Flower (KAF)

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NMI 104B9 Au1
Name ESKAY CREEK, MACKAY, ESKAY, EMMA, KAY, TOK, SIB, UNUK, VERNA D., 21 (A,B,C), NEX, HANGINGWALL, HW, 109, PUMPHOUSE Mining Division Liard, Skeena
BCGS Map 104B068
Status Past Producer NTS Map 104B09W
Latitude 056º 39' 14'' UTM 09 (NAD 83)
Longitude 130º 25' 44'' Northing 6279772
Easting 412397
Commodities Gold, Silver, Zinc, Copper, Lead Deposit Types G07 : Subaqueous hot spring Ag-Au
G06 : Noranda/Kuroko massive sulphide Cu-Pb-Zn
Tectonic Belt Intermontane Terrane Stikine
Capsule Geology

The Eskay Creek deposits lie in the centre of the Iskut-Sulphurets gold camp in the Unuk River valley. Bedrock in the Unuk map area consists of a thick (more than 5000 metres) succession of Upper Triassic to Middle Jurassic volcano-sedimentary arc-complex lithologies (Stuhini and Hazelton groups) underlain by Permian and older arc and shelf sequences (Stikine Assemblage) and overlain by Middle and Upper Jurassic marine-basin sediments (Bowser Lake Group). Rocks have been folded, faulted and weakly metamorphosed, mainly during Cretaceous time. Dioritic to granitic rocks that crop out east and west of the Prout Plateau represent at least four intrusive episodes spanning Triassic to Tertiary time. Remnants of Pleistocene to Recent basaltic eruptions are preserved locally (Exploration in British Columbia 1989).

The Eskay Creek deposits area is underlain by a northwest-facing sequence of interbedded volcaniclastic rocks, flows and sediments of the Lower-Middle Jurassic Hazelton Group. Strata strike north- northeast and dip moderately to the northwest. The presence of fossils, pillow lavas and hyaloclastites suggest that many of the rocks were deposited in a subaqueous environment.

An 1100-metre section straddling Eskay Creek is divided into 6 lithostratigraphic sequences, from oldest to youngest: (1) lower volcano-sedimentary unit: inferred basement to the footwall dacite unit including the oldest rocks on the property; (2) footwall dacite unit: dacite lapilli, crystal and lithic tuffs interbedded with black mudstone and waterlain tuff (includes the "datum dacite" member; (3) rhyolite unit: rhyolite breccia and tuff; minor mudstone; (4) contact unit: basal rhyolite-mudstone breccia ("transition zone") grading upwards into carbonaceous mudstone; (5) hangingwall andesite unit: pillowed andesite flows and breccias with thin carbonaceous mudstone interbeds; and (6) upper sedimentary unit: thin-bedded siltstone and fine sandstone with minor arenite-conglomerate beds.

The lower volcano-sedimentary unit is of unknown thickness and consists of mixed andesitic to dacitic volcaniclastic rocks and immature fine to medium-grained sedimentary rocks. This unit is correlated with the Lower Jurassic Betty Creek Formation (Hazelton Group).

The footwall dacite unit comprises in excess of 100 metres of drab grey to white dacite tuff, tuffaceous wacke and mudstone. Dacitic volcanics are predominantly tuff and ash-flow tuff, with lesser volumes of lithic tuff and breccia. An important marker, the datum dacite member, comprises pink to green, fine-grained, feldspar phyric tuff and lapilli breccia; it occurs near the top of the unit. The footwall dacite unit was assigned to the Lower Jurassic Mount Dilworth Formation (Hazelton Group) but recent interpretations suggest that it is a member of the Lower Jurassic Betty Creek Formation (Hazelton Group).

The rhyolite unit ranges from 30 to 110 metres thick and consists of grey to white aphyric breccia, tuff breccia, lapilli tuff, tuff, and subordinate massive rhyolite. Thin intercalations of mudstone and waterlain tuff occur locally and provide markers. This unit is correlated with the Lower Jurassic Mount Dilworth Formation (Hazelton Group).

The contact unit consists of an areally restricted basal member of rhyolite-mudstone breccia (the "transition zone") that grades into a widespread upper member of carbonaceous mudstone. The entire contact unit ranges from less than 1 to more than 60 metres thick. The upper member is carbonaceous, pyritic, and locally tuffaceous, laminated black mudstone. The contact unit can be correlated with the unnamed lower member of the Lower-Middle Jurassic Salmon River Formation (Hazelton Group). It is the host to most of the mineralization in the 21 zone (21A and 21B deposits) (Exploration in British Columbia 1989).

The hangingwall andesite unit is a flow and sill complex in excess of 150 metres thick. It consists of rusty brown weathering, light grey to dark green pillow breccias with subordinate massive flows, dikes or sills, and hyaloclastite horizons. Thin mudstone units occur as interflow sediments.

The upper sedimentary unit consists of a thick sequence of thin bedded (turbiditic) siltstone, shale and fine sandstone. It includes strata of the lithologically similar Salmon River Formation (Hazelton Group) and Middle-Upper Jurassic Ashman Formation (Bowser Lake Group). The Salmon River Formation sediments are distinguished by the presence of volcanic material.

The major structure on the property is interpreted to be an asymmetric anticline which plunges gently to the northeast. The anticline is broken by a series of high-angle faults. Major faults strike north-northeast, minor ones north-northwest. Several north to northeast trending lineaments also traverse the property.

Many zones of mineralization have been recognized at Eskay Creek. These include the 5, 6, 10, 22, 23, 28 and Porphyry zones; Mackay and Emma adit areas; and the #1 to #5 bluffs. The 21 zone has undergone extensive exploration and underground development and represents a major portion of reserves at Eskay Creek. Two new zones, NEX and Hangingwall, were discovered in 1995.

The bulk of mineralization in the 21 zone occurs as a stratabound sheet within carbonaceous mudstones of the contact unit and underlying rhyolite breccia, beneath mostly barren andesite flows. In the north, sulphide layers also occur in the hangingwall andesite unit. As traced by diamond drilling the entire zone extends 1400 metres along strike, 250 metres downdip and is from 5 to 45 metres thick. It is open to the northeast and downdip.

Mineralization displays both lateral and vertical zoning. Antimony, arsenic and mercury-rich mineral assemblages in the south change to zinc, lead, and copper-rich assemblages in the north. Vertical zoning is expressed as a systematic increase in gold, silver, and base metal content up-section.

Based on mineral associations and continuity of grade, the 21 zone has been divided into two deposits: the 21A (formerly called the South zone) and the 21B (which includes the former Central and North zones, now linked by drilling). The deposits are separated by 140 metres of weak mineralization. Two new mineral zones, the 21C and Pumphouse, have recently been discovered. The 21C is centred about 450 metres due north of the 21A deposit. It is a discrete mineral zone 100 metres downdip from the 21B deposit and subparallel to it. The Pumphouse zone is located immediately northeast of Pumphouse Lake, east of the southern end of the 21B deposit.

Drilling in the 21A deposit area has outlined a mineralized zone approximately 280 metres long and up to 100 metres wide. Thickness is variable, averaging about 10 metres. The deposit is contained within the contact unit and underlying rhyolite unit. The deposit can be subdivided into an upper, stratabound zone of disseminated to near-massive stibnite and realgar within the contact unit, and a lower, stockwork zone of disseminated sphalerite, tetrahedrite and pyrite within the rhyolite unit. High-grade (greater than 15 grams per tonne) gold and silver mineralization occurs in variably sheared, carbonaceous mudstone and mudstone-rhyolite breccia. A diverse suite of metallic minerals has been identified.

Zones of nearly massive stibnite, realgar, and orpiment pass along strike and downdip into disseminated domains where sulphides occur in veinlets, as feathery masses, or as heavy impregnations along shears or in the mudstone matrix. The breccia matrix is variably pyritic. Both breccia matrix and clasts contain needles of stibnite and arsenopyrite. Gold occurs as native gold, amalgam and possibly in mercurian wurtzite. Silver occurs as native silver, amalgam, tetrahedrite and unnamed silver-lead-arsenic-sulphur minerals.

Mineralization is associated with areas of intense alteration. Both members of the contact unit are overprinted with varying amounts of magnesian chlorite, muscovite, chalcedonic silica, calcite, and dolomite; pyrobitumen is ubiquitous.

Disseminated to microfracture-filling mineralization in the rhyolite unit is characterized by low to moderate tenor gold (1-15 grams per tonne) and locally high silver, associated with base metal sulphides and minor to trace antimony, arsenic and mercury minerals. Tetrahedrite, pyrite, sphalerite and galena predominate, with minor aktashite and chalcopyrite. Realgar and orpiment are rare to nonexistent. Carbon and graphite are absent.

Beneath stratabound mineralization of the contact unit, the rhyolite unit is highly fractured and intensely altered. Fracturing, alteration intensity and metal tenor appear to increase toward the upper contact. Within 3 to 4 metres of the upper contact, rhyolite-hosted mineralization is characterized either by massive chlorite-gypsum-barite rock or by quartz-muscovite-sulphide breccia. Mineralization in the footwall dacite unit commonly occurs in the datum dacite member. It consists of semi-massive to disseminated, crystalline pyrite, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, galena and chalcopyrite.

The 21B deposit is approximately 900 metres long, from 60 to 200 metres wide and locally in excess of 40 metres thick. It is displaced on the east by the northeast trending Pumphouse Creek fault and related north trending splays. The deposit is open to the northeast along strike, to the immediate east on fault-offset segments, and is partially open to the west at depth. It displays varied styles of mineralization and alteration.

The southernmost 600 metres of the 21B deposit (the former Central zone) is characterized by stratabound and stratiform high-grade gold and silver-bearing base metal sulphide layers. Banded sulphide mineralization occurs in carbonaceous and tuffaceous mudstones of the contact unit. Sulphides form disseminated, semi-massive and massive laminae and bands, up to 12 metres thick, that appear to parallel bedding in the mudstones. In approximate order of abundance sulphide minerals include amber sphalerite, tetrahedrite, boulangerite and bournonite with minor pyrite and galena. Gold and silver occur as 5 to 80-micron grains of electrum within fractured sphalerite, commonly in contact with galena. Realgar and stibnite are absent. Gangue minerals include magnesian chlorite, muscovite, and quartz with lesser amounts of dolomite and calcite.

Peripheral to and beneath banded sulphide mineralization are areas of microfracture veinlets and disseminations of tetrahedrite, pyrite and minor boulangerite. Gangue minerals include magnesian chlorite, muscovite, potassium feldspar and calcite. Footwall, rhyolite-hosted stockwork mineralization is volumetrically insignificant in comparison with either the 21A deposit or the northern 21B deposit.

In contrast, the northern 300 metres of the 21B deposit (the former North zone) exhibits considerable geological and structural complexity. Although host rock stratigraphy is similar to that found to the south, mineralization occurs at several different stratigraphic levels. Gold, silver, and base metal-rich lenses occur in hangingwall unit interflow mudstones as well as in the contact unit mudstone and underlying rhyolite unit breccias. Very high-grade mineralization occurs deeper in the rhyolite unit in association with crosscutting zones of fracture-related alteration. The mineralized zone is thick and cut by zones of strong shearing.

Hangingwall mineralization is hosted by two mudstone beds near the base of the hangingwall andesite unit and is associated with pervasive chlorite alteration and locally heavy barite. Near-massive dark sphalerite, galena and tetrahedrite with lesser amounts of pyrite and chalcopyrite occur as two partially stacked lenses.

Mineralization in the contact unit is dominantly comprised of sphalerite, tetrahedrite and possibly boulangerite with varying amounts of galena and chalcopyrite. Alteration minerals are again chlorite, muscovite, quartz, and calcite. Mineralized textures vary from crudely banded massive sulphides to thick and thin sulphide bands intercalated with mudstone.

Crosscutting mineralization in the contact and rhyolite units occurs as siliceous (quartz-healed) and carbonate-rich breccias with anastomosing, crustiform veinlets and disseminations of coarse-grained iron-rich sphalerite, fine-grained pyrite, with minor galena, chalcopyrite and tetrahedrite group minerals. Gold occurs as spectacular films, wires or blebs associated with fractured sphalerite.

Lead isotope analyses of galena samples collected from Eskay Creek veins and massive sulphide lenses coincide with early Jurassic lead ratios from the Kitsault, Stewart, Sulphurets and Iskut mining camps. Isotopic data are taken to indicate a widespread, early Jurassic mineralizing event. The Eskay Creek deposits are also products of this event (Exploration in British Columbia 1989).

The 21 Zone mineralization is unusual. There is a close spatial, and apparently temporal relationship between what conventional models describe as low-temperature epithermal and volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit types. Epithermal mineralization, characterized by gold, silver, arsenic, antimony, and mercury mineral suites, forms massive and stratabound lodes as well as more usual crosscutting veins and disseminations. Massive sulphide mineralization shows typical "syngenetic" ore textures but atypical mineralogy and precious metal enrichment.

In January 2019, Skeena Resources discussed revisiting the 22 Zone. The zone is a tabular, sub-vertical, rhyolite-hosted feeder structure to the now eroded mudstone hosted mineralization typical of the Eskay Creek deposits. As such, mineralization within the 22 Zone is not enriched in the epithermal suite of elements (mercury, arsenic and antimony) and is geologically and geochemically analogous to other non-deleterious rhyolite-hosted mineralization such as the 21C Zone and underlying mineralization of the 21A Zone. The 22 Zone currently has a drill-defined strike length of 300 metres and horizontal width in excess of 50 metres; it has only been tested in the upper 100 m at average 40 m drill spacings. Further drill testing will take place during the 2019 field season. Due to the paucity of drilling in this area, 22 Zone mineralization remains open for expansion along strike and to depth.

In October of 2019, Skeena Resources reported results from drilling on the 21A zone, which included results from a Lower Mudstone horizon, below the current Eskay Creek resource. Skeena reported very high grades of gold mineralization hosted within the largely underexplored and undeveloped Lower Mudstone. Skeena stated that the regional and near mine mineralized intersections within the Lower Mudstone represents a significant exploration target for the Eskay Creek Project.

WORK HISTORY

In 1995 and 1996, drilling and underground exploration on the 21B zone have outlined proven and probable reserves of 1,090,000 tonnes grading 65.14 grams per tonne gold, 2949.0 grams per tonne silver, 5.6 per cent zinc and 0.77 per cent copper (Information Circular 1996-1, page 5). During 1994 the access road to the mine area was completed and construction of mine site facilities was completed by fall. The first shipment of ore started January 1995, two years after application to the provincial government for a Mine Development Certificate. The direct shipping ore was crushed and blended at the mine and then moved by rail from Kitwanga to Noranda's Horne smelter in Quebec, and by sea from Stewart to Dowa Mining's smelter in Japan. At a daily mining rate of 245 tonnes, annual production is estimated at 6220 kilograms of gold and 283,000 kilograms of silver, together with copper and zinc. The operating cost is forecast to be US$187 per ounce gold equivalent. Eskay Creek will become the fourth largest silver producer in the world. Zinc will be recovered using the solvent extraction - electrowinning method (Information Circular 1995-1, pages 9-10).

Late in 1995, the NEX zone was calculated to contain 205,911 tonnes grading 30.1 grams per tonne gold and 1926.5 grams per tonne silver (T. Schroeter, personal communication, 1996).

_________________________________________________________

Production at Eskay Creek Mine:

Year Tonnes Ag Au Pb Zn

Mined (grams) (grams) (kg) (kg)

1998 147,350 364,638,530 8,774,000

1997 110,161 368,498,000 7,591,065

1996 102,395 369,263,056 6,793,111

1995 100,243 327,754,000 6,418,078

1979 9 25,490 1,263 412 1,008

1971 2 7,435 9 29 43

TOTAL 460,160 1,430,186,511 29,577,526 441 1,051

_________________________________________________________

In 1996, reserves were 1.08 million tonnes at 65.5 grams per tonne gold, 2930 grams per tonne silver, 0.77 per cent copper and 5.6 per cent zinc (Exploration in BC 1996, page B5).

As of January 1, 1997, proven and probable reserves at Eskay Creek were estimated at 1,267,340 tonnes grading 59.38 grams per tonne gold and 2718.86 grams per tonne silver. Geological resources at January 1, 1997 were 252,200 tonnes grading 18.55 grams per tonne gold and 1083.43 grams per tonne silver (George Cross News Letter No. 25 (February 5), 1997).

As of January 1, 1998, proven and probable reserves were 1,356,240 tonnes grading 58.05 grams per tonne gold and 2684.57 grams per tonne silver. Geological resources (mineralized material) were 336,565 tonnes grading 20.13 grams per tonne gold and 411.43 grams per tonne silver (Prime Resources Group Inc., Press Release, January 22, 1998).

The Eskay Creek property has a long history of intermittent exploration since its discovery and staking in 1932 by T.S. Mackay. Early work identified more than 30 distinct mineralized zones in upper Coulter and Eskay creeks along a line of gossanous bluffs that extends more than 7 kilometres. Earliest exploration focused on the southern part of this area where the Mackay adit was driven for 110 metres. The Mackay adit lies 9 kilometres southwest of the 21 zone. In the northern part, underground development at the Emma adit totalled 180 metres of drifting and crosscuts. The Emma adit lies 3 kilometres southwest of the 21 zone. Surface work included several thousand metres of diamond drilling, numerous trenches, pits and opencuts. In 1971, a 1.5-tonne sample of high-grade ore was extracted from trenches on the 22 zone, which lies 2 kilometres southwest of the 21 zone. In 1979, these trenches were mined to produce 8.75 tonnes of hand-cobbed ore (Exploration in British Columbia 1989). In 1996, surface and underground exploration diamond drilling totalled 36,576 metres.

In 1999, Eskay Creek was 100 per cent owned and operated by Homestake Canada Inc. following an amalgamation between Homestake and Prime Resources Group Inc.

Reserves on January 1, 1999 were 1,355,965 tonnes grading 57.7 grams per tonne gold and 2492.57 grams per tonne silver. Additional mineralized material were 453,600 tonnes grading 15.36 grams per tonne gold and 401.14 grams per tonne silver (Exploration in BC 1998, page 23 and www.homestake.com).

Drill targets in 1998 included 21C, a rod-shaped pyritic zone within footwall rhyolite. It reaches the surface at the original 21 zone trenches excavated in the 1930s (near the 21A deposit) and plunges gently northward for 900 metres, passing below and 200 metres downdip of the 21B deposit to its truncation by the Argillite Creek fault. Based on 1998 drilling the 21C zone is estimated to contain 303,000 tonnes of milling ore at a grade of 16.4 grams per tonne gold and 72 grams per tonne silver, with very low levels of deleterious elements (Exploration in BC 1998, page 23).

Barrick Gold Corporation acquired 100 per cent interest in the mine through the December 2001 merger with Homestake.

As of December 31, 2002, the proven and probable reserve was 1,229,995 tonnes ore grading 34.22 grams per tonne gold and the resource was 435,448 tonnes ore grading 15.15 grams per tonne gold (WWW http://www.barrick.com/, December 29, 2003).

In 2003, Barrick continued to develop new ore zones at the mine. A spiral ramp system was advanced to access ore at the deepest levels in the NEX trend, which plunges north at about 55 degrees. Production began late in the year from a new stope in the 44 zone, some 300 metres below surface. Fill-in drilling of the Water Tower zone, a footwall zone similar to 21C, found erratic gold grades and assessment of the zone continues. Exploration at Eskay Creek made use of 35,500 metres of surface and underground diamond drilling. The main focus of the 71-hole surface program was the 22 zone, situated 2 kilometres south of the mine site. Drilling also expanded known resources in the 21C, 21A and 21E zones. At the northern end of the deposit, deeper holes tested the area down plunge from the NEX and Hangingwall zones.

In 2004, Barrick Gold Corporation completed 18,055 metres of drilling in 54 holes in exploration around the mine. Exploration was carried out mainly on the Deep Adrian and 22 zone areas, to the north and south of the existing mine workings, respectively. Mine life is estimated to extend until 2008.

Before the end of 2005, the mine was forecast to produce 5,500 kilograms of gold and 290,000 kilograms of silver for the year. Since start-up in 1995 ore grade has diminished and at the beginning of 2005 the average reserve grade was 36 grams per tonne gold and 1600 grams per tonne silver (Exploration and Mining in BC 2005, page 22). In 2005, a comprehensive geologic review identified targets that were tested by approximately 16,000 metres of drilling from mine workings.

Mining was completed at Eskay Creek in March 2008, with processing of stockpiled ore expected to continue for a short time, at which point the mine will be closed and reclaimed. Since start-up in 1995 Eskay Creek produced more than 100 tonnes of gold and 5000 tonnes of silver.

On December 18, 2017, Skeena Resources Limited announced the signing of an agreement with Barrick Gold Inc., granting an option for the Skeena to acquire a 100 per cent interest in the past producing Eskay Creek mine and property.

In 2018, Skeena carried out diamond drilling, compiled and reviewed 20 years of exploration and production information, and completed a geologic model and resource estimate as follows (Skeena Resources Limited, News Release, September 17, 2018). The pit-constrained Indicated resource estimate is 1.09 million tonnes at 4.9 grams per tonne gold, 72 grams per tonne silver, and the Inferred resource is 4.26 million tonnes at 3.3 grams per tonne gold, 72 grams per tonne silver. The underground Indicated resource is 2.51 million tonnes at 7.2 grams per tonne gold, 215 grams per tonne silver, and the underground Inferred resource is 0.81 million tonnes at 7.2 grams per tonne gold, 214 grams per tonne silver. Lead, copper, zinc, and antimony are potential by-products worth incorporating into future mineral resource estimates. Drilling highlights from 2018 include 14.55 metres grading 7.36 grams per tonne gold, 1,189 grams per tonne silver and 31.50 metres grading 10.16 grams per tonne gold, 331 grams per tonne silver and 42.65 metres grading 9.49 grams per tonne gold, 111 grams per tonne silver (Exploration in BC, 2018, page 130).

In February 2019, Skeena announced an upgraded pit constrained Mineral Resource Estimate (MRE) for Eskay Creek. Indicated and Inferred pit constrained resources are reported at a 0.7 gram per tonne gold equivalent cut-off grade (Skeena Resources Limited, MRE date of February 28, 2019 (https://skeenaresources.com/eskay-creek/pea-resource/). The pit constrained Indicated resource includes 2.34 million gold equivalent ounces within 12.65 million tonnes at an average gold equivalent grade of 5.8 grams per tonne (4.3 grams per tonne gold and 110 grams per tonne silver). The pit constrained Inferred resource includes 1.34 million gold equivalent ounces within 14.42 million tonnes at an average gold equivalent grade of 2.9 grams per tonne (2.3 grams per tonne gold and 47 grams per tonne silver). Indicated and Inferred underground mineral resource resources are reported at a 5.0 grams per tonne gold equivalent cut-off grade (Skeena Resources Limited, MRE date of February 28, 2019 (https://skeenaresources.com/eskay-creek/pea-resource/). The underground Indicated resource estimate includes 218,000 gold equivalent ounces within 819,000 tonnes at an average gold equivalent grade of 8.2 grams per tonne (6.4 grams per tonne gold and 139 grams per tonne silver). The underground Inferred resource estimate includes 78,000 gold equivalent ounces within 295,000 tonnes at an average gold equivalent grade of 8.2 grams per tonne (re1 grams per tonne gold and 82 grams per tonne silver). The 2019 MRE was derived from 7,583 historical surface and underground diamond drill holes totalling 651,332 metres, with an additional 46 surface diamond drill holes completed by Skeena in 2018 totalling 7,738 metres.

__________________________________________________________________________

Pit constrained Mineral Resource Estimate (MRE*) reported at 0.7 g/t AuEq cut-off:

GRADE CONTAINED OUNCES

Tonnes AuEq Au Ag AuEq Au Ag

(000) g/t g/t g/t oz (000) oz (000) oz (000)

Total Indicated 12,650 5.8 4.3 110 2,340 1,740 44,660

Total Inferred 14,420 2.9 2.3 47 1,340 1,050 21,720

Underground Mineral Resource Estimate (MRE*) reported at a 5.0 g/t AuEq Cut-Off:

GRADE CONTAINED OUNCES

Tonnes AuEq Au Ag AuEq Au Ag

(000) g/t g/t g/t oz (000) oz (000) oz (000)

Total Indicated 819 8.2 6.4 139 218 169 3,657

Total Inferred 29.5 8.2 7.1 82 78 68 778

*MRE date of February 28, 2019

*PEA Report (NI 43-101 Technical Report), Eskay Creek Project, November 7, 2019

__________________________________________________________________________________

In 2018, five assessment reports were remitted for LiDAR and photo acquisition survey work over a 100 square kilometre area of interest across the Eskay Creek Property.

In 2019, Skeena Resources completed 14 092 metres of diamond drilling and a minor prospecting program on the Eskay Creek project. In 2020 and early 2021, a further 36 582 metres of diamond drilling in 305 holes and a three-dimensional resistivity and induced polarization survey were completed on the property.

In April 2021, Skeena Resources Ltd. reported an updated pit-constrained mineral resource for the Eskay Creek project of 37 654 000 tonnes measured and indicated grading 3.1 grams per tonne gold and 82.8 grams per tonne silver with an additional inferred resource of 5 239 000 tonnes grading 1.0 gram per tonne gold and 25.0 grams per tonne silver using a 0.7 gram per tonne gold equivalent cut-off grade, whereas a separate underground mineral resource was reported at 851 000 tonnes measured and indicated grading 5.0 grams per tonne gold and 48.6 grams per tonne silver with an additional 429 000 tonnes inferred grading 4.1 grams per tonne gold and 57.0 grams per tonne silver using a 2.4 grams per tonne gold equivalent cut-off grade for long-hole mining and 2.8 gram per tonne gold equivalent for drift and fill mining (SRK Consulting (Canada), Inc. [2021-05-21]: Independent Technical Report on the Eskay Creek Au-Ag Project, Canada).

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EMPR PF (Geology Map-1:31,250-Newmont Exploration of Canada Ltd.; Golden Coin Resources; Consolidated Stikine Silver Ltd.; Canadian Exploration Ltd.; MacKay Syndicate (Maps), Batten, H.L.; Unuk River and Adjacent Area (map), 1934, Reconnaissance of the Unuk River (map) 1935: Mandy, J.T.; Vancouver Stock Exchange - Filing Statement; Higgs, T.W., Murphy, F.M. and Stewart, C.J. (~1997): ARD Assessment Program from Exploration to Operation Case Studies from the Eskay Creek Mine; Geology notes by G. Blackwell, 1989; Exploration News Flash, Spectacular Hole at Eskay Creek; M.E.G. Luncheon Talk, Feb. 1990; Eskay Creek - Mineralization and Alteration, Draft copy of paper by Britton, Schroeter and Blackwell, 1990; Drill sections; Location maps; Consolidated Stikine Silver Ltd., Chairman's Report, 1989; Prime Resources Website (Dec.1997, March 1998): Corporate Profile and Eskay Summary, 30 p.; Homestake Mining Company Website (May 1999): Operations Fact file; ARD Assessment Program, 8 p.; Kenrich Mining Corporation Website (May 1998): Eskay Creek Deposit, 3 p.; St. Andrew Goldfields Ltd. 2001 Annual Report; Heritage Explorations Ltd. 2001 Annual Report; Notice of Annual and Special General Meeting of the Shareholders - Heritage Explorations Ltd., May 6, 2002; News Release, August 20, 2004: "Canadian Acquisition Program Continues - Eskay Rift Project, Exploration in Progress"; Resource World Magazine (February 2005): "Rich Finds in Galore Creek Area")
EMPR PFD 448, 900204, 902940, 903009, 903039, 903324, 903361, 903362, 903365, 903390, 903617, 903618, 903690, 903691, 903693, 903694, 903697, 903701, 903795, 903797, 903798, 903819, 903841, 903857, 903882, 903883, 903887, 903965, 903966, 903968, 904032, 904080, 904081, 904170, 904238, 904240, 904242, 904245, 904344, 18918, 18921, 18954, 19023, 19024, 19025, 19026, 19027, 19028, 19029, 19030, 19031, 19032, 19033, 19034, 19035, 19036, 19037, 19038, 19039, 19040, 19041, 19042, 19043, 19044, 19045, 19046, 19047, 19048, 19049, 19050, 19051, 19052, 19053, 19054, 19055, 19056, 19057, 904359, 904363, 904494, 904496, 904508, 904584, 904585, 904729, 904730, 904731, 904732, 904791, 904795, 904797, 904864, 904865, 904868, 904870, 904872, 904940, 904942, 904943, 905029, 905032, 905036, 905041, 905049, 905146, 905147, 905168, 905280, 905355, 905468, 905587, 905597, 905679, 905680, 905681, 905684, 905689, 905775, 905777, 905851, 906198, 906445, 906618, 906619, 906624, 906737, 906824, 907000, 907002, 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EMR MIN BULL MR 223 B.C. 324
EMR MP CORPFILE (Premier Gold Mining Company, Limited; Stikine Silver Ltd.; Consolidated Kalco Valley Mines Ltd.; Consolidated Silver Butte Mines Ltd.; Texasgulf Inc.; May-Ralph Resources Ltd.; Kerrisdale Resources Ltd.)
GSC BULL 540, p. 69
GSC MAP 9-1957; 1418A, 1868A
GSC P 89-1E, pp. 145-154
CIM Special Volume 37 (Lode Gold-Silver Deposits in British Columbia, pp. 178-190)
CMJ Oct. 1998, p. 6
GCNL Nov.16, 1973; #164, 1982; #87,#160,#170, 1985; #3,#41, 1986; #27,#102,#213,#218,#224,#227,#248,#249, 1988; #4,#5,#9, #29(Feb.10),#41,#48(Mar.9),#71(Apr.13),#72(Apr.14),#97(May 19), #111(June 9),#119(June 21),#135(Jul.14),#139(Jul.20),#142(Jul.25), #149(Aug.3),#153(Aug.10),#157(Aug.16),#158(Aug.17),#161(Aug.22), #166(Aug.29),#175(Sept.12),#178(Sept.15),#183(Sept.22), #198(Oct.16),#212(Nov.3),#226(Nov.24),#240(Dec.14),#242(Dec.18), #249(Dec.29), 1989; #6(Jan.9),#20(Jan.29),#32(Feb.14),#34(Feb.16), #41(Feb.27),#44(Mar.2),#50(Mar.12),#63(Mar.29),#72(Apr.11), #75(Apr.18),#76(Apr.19),#81(Apr.26),#86(May 3),#94(May 15), #99(May 23),#102(May 28),#116(Jun.15),#119(Jun.20),#121(Jun.22), #124(Jun.27),Aug.29,#180(Sept.18),#197(Oct.11),#206(Oct.24), #211(Oct.31),#214(Nov.5),#222(Nov.16),#236(Dec.6), 1990; #242(Dec.17),#21(Jan.30),#111(June 10),#128(Jul.4),#132(Jul.10), #138(Jul.18),#145(Jul.29),#147(Jul.31),#164(Aug.26),#188(Sept.30), #229(Nov.28), 1991; #24(Feb.4), #100 (May 25),#106(June 2), 1992; #30(Feb.12), #148(Aug.1), 1997; #18 (Jan.27), #36(Feb.20), #50 (Mar.12), #80(Apr.27), #143(July 27), #207(Oct.28), 1998
MIN REV March/April 1989; Fall 1998, page 25
N MINER Sept.10, 1983; Nov.7,*14, Dec.5,19, 1988; Jan.2,16,19,30, Feb.6,20, Mar.6, Apr.17,24, May 29, June 26, Jul.24, Aug.14,21,28, Sept.4,11,18,25, Oct.2,9, Nov.6,13, Dec.4,11,18, 1989; Feb.12,26, Mar.5,12,19, Apr.9,16,23,30, May 7,14,21,28, June 4,11,18,25, July 2,9,16,23, Aug.6, Sept.3,7,24, Oct.8,22,29, Nov.5,12, Dec.3,7,17,31, 1990; Jan.21,28, June 10,17,24, July 22, Aug.5, Sept.23, Dec.23, 1991; Jan.27, Feb.3, Mar.1, May 18,25, June 1,29, 1992; Jan.25, Mar.1,8, Apr.12, Jun.21, Aug.2, Oct.4,11, Nov.15, Dec.13, 1993; Feb.28, Mar.21, Apr.11, May 9, Nov.28, Dec.5, 1994; Feb.27, May 15, June 26, Aug.21, Nov.6,13, 1995; Jan.1, Feb.5, Mar.4, May 20, Aug.12, Dec.23, 1996; Feb.17, Mar.10, Oct.27, 1997; Feb.2, Mar.2, May 4, June 1,8, Aug.3, Sept.21, Dec.7, 1998; Aug.16, 1999; Nov.11, 2000; Feb.18, Oct.7, 2002
N MINER MAG Sept., Dec., 1990
NW PROSP March/April, Sept./Oct., Nov./Dec., 1989
PR REL Prime Resources Group Inc., Jan.22, Feb.19, Apr.24, July 24, 1998; Homestake Mining Company, June 18, July 27, 1999; Oct.31, 2001; Skeena Resources Limited Dec.18, 2017 Aug.15, Sep.11,*17, Oct.1,10,31, Nov.21, Dec.5, 2018; Jan.15, 24, Feb.*28, Aug 7, Sep.9, 25, Oct.22, 2019
V STOCKWATCH Jan.20,26, 1989; Feb.16, 1990
W MINER Vol.26, p. 44, Aug., 1953
Donnelly, D.A. (1976): Study of the Volcanic Stratigraphy and
Volcanogenic Mineralization on the Kay claim group, Northwestern
British Columbia, Unpublished B.Sc. Thesis, University of British
Columbia, 61 pages
Equity Preservation Corp. Stewart-Sulphurets-Iskut Compilation, Dec. 1988, Showing No. B34 Gunning, M.H. (1986):
Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic (Norian to Oxfordian) Volcanic and Sedimentary Stratigraphy and Structure in the
Southeastern part of the Iskut map sheet, North-Central British Columbia, Unpublished B.Sc. Thesis, University of
British Columbia, 85 pages
*Preliminary Economic Assessment Report (NI 43-101 Technical Report) on Eskay Creek Project, British Columbia,
Canada, November 7 2019, for Skeena Resources Limited
*SRK Consulting (Canada) Inc. (2019-04-12): Independent Technical Report on the Eskay Creek Au-Ag Project.
Limited (Skeena).
SRK Consulting (Canada), Inc. (2018-11-01): Independent Technical Report for the Eskay Creek Au-Ag Project, Canada
*SRK Consulting (Canada), Inc. (2021-05-21): Independent Technical Report on the Eskay Creek Au-Ag Project, Canada
Ausenco Engineering Canada Inc. (2021-07-22): Eskay Creek Project NI 43-101 Technical Report and Prefeasibility Study, British Columbia, Canada
Times Colonist Sept.6, 1989
Vancouver Sun Jan.14, 1989

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