The Endako deposit is located on a hillcrest approximately 160 kilometres west of Prince George in central British Columbia. The mine area encompasses several showings (093K 007, 10, 13, 14) and includes the 1.7-kilometre Endako pit, the mined out Denak East pit and the partially developed Denak West pit (093K 008).

The Endako orebody is centrally situated within the Late Jurassic Francois Lake batholith. At least ten phases based on distinct textural and compositional changes have been recognized in the composite batholith. The orebody consists of an elongate stockwork of quartz-molybdenite veins developed within the Endako quartz monzonite phase and three types of felsic pre-ore dikes. The Endako quartz monzonite is bounded on the south by Francois granite and on the north by Casey alaskite and Glenannan granite. Post-ore basalt and andesite dikes crosscut the quartz monzonite, pre-ore dikes and mineralized stockwork.

In general terms, the orebody is a series of major east-striking veins oriented en echelon to form a zone elongated in a northwest direction. Length and width dimensions of the zone are approximately 3360 by 370 metres, of which the western 1830 metres is offset to the north by the West Basalt fault with a 1150 metre relative right-hand movement. Divided by this fault into two distinct domains, the east half dips moderately south and plunges west, while the west half dips east. Molybdenite, pyrite and magnetite are the most abundant primary metallic minerals. Minor chalcopyrite and traces of sphalerite, bornite, specularite and scheelite are also present. Single occurrences of beryl and bismuthinite have been reported. Molybdenite occurs in two types of veins. Large veins (up to 1.2 metres wide) contain laminae and fine disseminations of molybdenite. Fine fracture fillings and veinlets of quartz-molybdenite occur as stockworks adjacent to the major veins. Alteration types include pervasive kaolinization, envelopes with potassium feldspar and envelopes with sericite.

A pyrite zone bounds the orebody to the south across a major fault. In this zone, mineralization consists of quartz, pyrite, minor magnetite and rare molybdenite. The mineralization occurs as fracture filling in a poorly developed stockwork. The orebody is localized at or near the intersection of regional northwest and east structures.

Three distinct hydrothermal alteration phases are seen in the Endako ore zone. Introduced potassium-feldspar is noted as envelopes adjacent to veins and fractures. A second type of envelope seen is a fine-grained band of quartz-sericite and finely disseminated pyrite. Both of these envelopes can vary in width from 0.3 to 5 centimetres. Also, pervasive kaolinization of the Endako quartz monzonite is present.

The claims were originally staked in 1927 when two local men staked four mineral claims to cover an area of quartz-molybdenite float. Two short shafts were sunk in 1934, one on the 0.6 metre “Stellar” vein. During the period of 1934 to 1961, the property was examined by many geologists and several mining companies, but physical work was confined primarily to trenching and some sampling.

In May of 1962, trenching and a diamond drilling programs were commenced by Endako Mines Limited. Canex Aerial Exploration Ltd. entered the exploration of the property in October of the same year and completed 190 diamond-drill holes for a total of 24,000 metres and 810 metres of underground work for bulk sampling. The decision to develop the property for production was announced in March of 1964. Construction of the 9000 tonne-per-day mine plant and development of the open pit began in June 1964, and the mine was officially opened on June 8, 1965.

In 1965, pit development by Endako Mines Ltd. consisted of the removal of 1.01 million cubic metres of overburden to permit the extension of mining from the west pit into the east pit. At the beginning of the year, a 9000 tonne-per-day concentrator commenced operation; later improvements to the concentrator increased this rate to 13,500 tonnes per day. A total of 3,569,000 tonnes of ore at an average grade of 0.174 per cent molybdenum (Mo) were milled for the year of 1965. Mill recovery was reported at 81.3 per cent with a total of 4.67 million kilograms of molybdenum being produced. Mineable reserves as of April 30, 1966 were 79,079,000 tonnes at 0.132 per cent Mo or 142,839,000 tonnes at 0.102 per cent Mo (Property File Cyprus Anvil - Endako Mines Ltd., 1966).

Production began in 1965 and by 1993 a total of 231 million tonnes had been mined yielding more than 157.5 million tonnes of molybdenum.

The Denak East open pit is mined out and is currently being backfilled with waste (ca. 1994). The ore contains progressively less stockwork and dips shallower as one traverses from the Endako pit in the southeast to the Denak West pit in the northwest.

Production from the Denak pit (093K 008), which is now part of the Endako mine, is included. Mine life is estimated at 10 years (ca. 1996) at present levels of production.

During 1989 through 1995, Placer Dome Inc. completed 148 diamond drill holes, totalling 22 375.1 metres, on the Boot 3, 4, 9 and 15: Mining Lease No. 2, No. 7, No. 287, No. 292 and No. 294 and Tan 4 in an attempt to extend known ore reserves and to gather geotechnical information.

Proven and probable ore reserves estimated by the company were 117,600,000 tonnes grading 0.077 per cent molybdenum at January 1, 1995; in addition, measured and indicated mineral resources were estimated at 147,850,000 tonnes grading 0.061 per cent molybdenum (Information Circular 1996-1, page 8). Reserves as of January 1, 1996 are 104,843,000 tonnes grading 0.077 per cent molybdenum (Information Circular 1997-1, page 9).

In early 1997, Placer Dome Canada Limited sold the Endako molybdenum mine to Thompson Creek Mining Company of Denver, Colorado (75 per cent) and Nissho Iwai Corp. of Japan (25 per cent). During 1997, Endako expected to mine 20.8 million tonnes and mill 10.6 million tonnes grading 0.131 per cent molybdenum to produce approximately 6500 tonnes of molybdenum. A modest drilling program and geophysical survey were carried out in 1997.

At January 1, 1997, proven and probable reserves are estimated at 124,887,000 tonnes grading 0.066 per cent molybdenum. An additional 131,003,000 tonnes grading 0.065 per cent molybdenum were listed as measured and indicated (T. Schroeter, personal communication, 1997). Proven and probable reserves (including stockpiles) on January 1, 1998 were 121,757,000 tonnes at 0.065 per cent molybdenum. Mine cutoff grade is 0.04 per cent molybdenum (Exploration in British Columbia 1997, page 12). As at January 1, 2000, reserves are estimated at 80,000,000 tonnes grading 0.074 per cent molybdenum (Information Circular 2001-1, page 6).

The following is by Anderson, R.G. et al., from the Appendix to the Nechako Project Newsletter, Volume 3, Number 5, May 30, 1997: "A northwest-trending Jura-Cretaceous batholith in eastern Stikinia hosts the Endako porphyry molybdenite deposit. It has been variously considered part of the Jurassic Topley Intrusions, Endako Intrusions and Early Cretaceous Francois Lake Plutonic Suite. New mapping, geochronology, and chemical and isotopic analyses define at least 3 constituent suites: poorly mineralized Middle Jurassic (170-160 Ma) Stag Lake suite; well-mineralized Late Jurassic (160-150 Ma) Francois Lake suite (host to Endako-style, low-fluorine, porphyry Mo deposits); and unmineralized, satellitic mid- to Late Cretaceous Fraser Lake suite and Eocene (?) stocks.

Middle Jurassic Stag Lake intrusions define the eastern and northeastern batholith margins and include sequentially-intruded biotite-hornblende diorite and gabbro, and hornblende-biotite quartz monzodiorite and granodiorite; biotite quartz monzonite to monzogranite may represent related felsic phases. The rocks are commonly mesocratic and xenolith-, clinopyroxene- and titanite- bearing. Mineral and xenolith foliation is most common near contact zones between mafic and intermediate phases. The suite is compositionally heterogeneous but is generally of calc-alkaline, metaluminous, moderate-potash and volcanic arc affinities and closely resembles the coeval Three Sisters Plutonic Suite in northeastern Stikinia north of the Stikine River.

Late Jurassic Francois Lake biotite monzogranite plutons to the northwest are the most quartz-rich, leucocratic, and mineralized of all and are further subdivided based on grain size, biotite abundance, degree of alteration, intergranular textures, and intrusive relationships. The suite records a complex, protracted history that included: emplacement, solidification, locally intense veining, Mo and pyrite mineralization and alteration, and late dikes, fractures, and joints. The suite is coeval with Upper Jurassic volcanic rocks to the north and south. The structural control on the co-spatial but younger ( less than 145 Ma) mineralizing system suggests a possible dextral, transtensional tectonic environment for emplacement. The rocks are distinctly high silica, calcalkaline, weakly peraluminous, moderately to high potash, and of volcanic arc affinity with a relatively primitive or juvenile radiogenic and stable isotopic character."

In 2001, Thompson Creek Mining Ltd. completed five diamond drill holes, totalling 772.7 metres, on the Water Tank (MINFILES 093K 007 and 093K 014) and SE Dump (MINFILE 093K 010) area.

In 2002, a further program of 14 diamond drill holes, totalling 1574.6 metres, was completed on the south wall and the bottom of the Endako pit. Drilling yielded intercepts of up to 0.101, 0.113 and 0.150 per cent molybdenite over 113.1, 70.8 and 82.5 metres in holes S-02-04, S-02-07 and S-02-09, respectively, located near the southeast end of the south pit wall (Assessment Report 27118).

The combined proven and probable reserves for the Endako pit at October 1, 2003 is 38,200,000 tonnes grading 0.072 per cent molybdenum. The Denak pit has a combined proven and probable reserve of 22,700,000 tonnes grading 0.069 per cent molybdenum and the surface stockpile is 26,300,000 tonnes grading 0.04 per cent molybdenum (Alan Morrish, General Manager and Vice President, Thompson Creek Mining Ltd.).

In 2003, mining continued at Endako. The pit, which is elongated west-northwest, measures 650 by 230 metres and is 250 metres deep.

In 2004, narrow mining width in the pit coupled with wall instability that interrupted mining led to a 10 per cent reduction in the tonnage milled. Pit expansion comprises a major push-back of the south wall and a less extensive set back of the north wall that will enable a return to the scheduled rate of molybdenum production. Ten exploratory holes were drilled southeast of the Endako pit to follow up on a mineralized intercept.

Also in 2003 and 2004, a 3.7 line-kilometre induced polarization survey and 11 diamond drill holes, totalling 1380.2 metres, were completed on an induced polarization anomaly located approximately 900 metres east of the Endako pit and under the north wall of the Denak East pit.

In 2005, the Endako mine, owned 60 per cent by Thompson Creek Mining Ltd. and 40 per cent by Sojitz Moly Resources Inc., celebrated its 40th year of operation. Reserves are sufficient until 2013. Endako ore averaged 0.060 per cent molybdenum during the year, a lower grade than in 2004. The company completed a major stripping program in the Endako pit, to access ore and stabilize the north and south walls. At year-end Endako began a 4500-metre exploration drill program.

In 2006, Thomson Creek Mining Ltd. completed 32 diamond drill holes, totalling 5143.3 metres, on areas west and north of Denak West (MINFILE 093K 008) pit, the Endako pit, the Endako East (MINFILES 093K 007 and 014) zone and near Casey Lake. Drilling on the Endako pit yielded up to 0.074 and 0.056 per cent molybdenum over 96 and 218.4 metres in holes 06-02 and 06-08, respectively (Assessment Report 28684).

In October of 2006, Blue Pearl Mining Ltd. acquired Thompson Creek Metals Company including its interests in Endako. In May 2007, Blue Pearl changed its name to Thompson Creek Metals Company Inc. Endako mine is now owned 75 per cent by Thompson Creek and 25 per cent by Sojitz Corporation (Thompson Creek Annual Report 2007).

During 2007, the Endako pit was the focus of mining activity, but ore was also sourced for milling from the Denak West pit and stockpiles. Plans for 2008 are to shift the focus primarily to the Denak West and East pits and to mine the walls between all three pits to create one large pit (Thompson Creek Annual Report 2007). Also in 2007, Thomson Creek Mining Ltd. completed 66 drillholes, totalling 10 926 metres, on the Endako property: 33 holes were completed on the Casey Lake area, 17 on the Denak (MINFILE 093K 008) occurrence area, 6 on the Endako occurrence area and 10 for condemnation drilling. No results of this work are known.

Reported reserves and resources at December 31, 2007 were 292.8 million tonnes grading 0.050 per cent Mo combined Proven and Probable reserves; 138 million tonnes grading 0.050 per cent Mo Measured resources; 354.1 million tonnes grading 0.040 per cent Mo Indicated resources. Reported reserves include stockpiles and resources and were reported at a 0.02 per cent cut-off (Thompson Creek Annual Report 2007).

In 2008, Thomson Creek Mining Ltd. completed an initial phase of 18 drillholes located on multiple areas of the property and a further 34 drillholes, primarily in the Denak Extension (MINFILE 093K 098) area.

In 2009, the mine produced 4504 tonnes of molybdenum from 9,759,000 tonnes of ore with an average grade of 0.059 per cent molybdenum. Molybdenum recovery was 78.4 per cent. In situ and stockpile ore reserves on the property at the beginning of 2010 were 280.1 million tonnes grading 0.047 per cent molybdenum at a cutoff grade of 0.02 per cent molybdenum. Thompson Creek forecasts Endako production in 2010 will be 4230 tonnes of molybdenum. Construction is underway to modernize and expand capacity of the Endako mill from 28,000 to 52,000 tonnes of ore per day. The company estimates capital expenditure in 2010 to be $240 million. Completion of the $498 million expansion and modernization project will enable treatment of lower-grade ore and to lower the operating cost on a per tonne basis. New semi-autogenous (SAG) and ball mills, a modern flotation circuit and an upgrade of the roaster circuit are included. A workforce of 500 is building the project; completion is scheduled for late 2011. Output in 2011 is estimated to be about 5000 tonnes molybdenum, increasing to 6800 tonnes in 2012 when benefits of the expansion and modernization are realized.

In 2010, the Endako mine is 75 per cent owned and operated by Thompson Creek Metals Company. Sojitz Corporation holds a 25 per cent interest. Also at this time, Thomson Creek Mining Ltd. completed 91 diamond drill holes, totalling 13 777.5 metres, on the Endako property. This work centred on the Denak Extension, located northwest of the Denak West pit (MINFILE 093K 008), and was designed to infill and increase a previously defined probable category reserve to a proven category. Other holes were completed on the Denak East pit southwall.

In 2011, Thompson Creek Metals Corp. and partner Sojitz Corporation focused on constructing a new mill and upgrading resources to reserves at the co-owned Endako mine. Project engineering and procurement of the new mill are complete and most major components are in place. Pre-commissioning activities are underway and are forecast to be complete by early 2012. Processing capacity of the new facility is expected to increase 44 per cent to 49,895 tonnes per day. Also in 2011, Thomson Creek Mining Ltd., in conjunction with Georgia West Resources Inc., completed 19 diamond drill holes, totalling 3357 metres, on the Endako property. Seventeen holes were completed on the Georgia West area, located to the northwest of the occurrence, whereas two of the diamond drill holes, totalling 501.0 metres, were completed on the Denak Extension area. Also at this time, 45 diamond drill holes, totalling 8675.0 metres, were completed on the Endako mine.

Reported reserves and resources as of January 2011 were 282.2 million tonnes grading 0.046 per cent Mo combined Proven and Probable reserves, 80.2 million tonnes grading 0.034 per cent Mo combined Measured and Indicated resources and 55.8 million tonnes grading 0.037 per cent Mo Inferred resources (Technical Report - Endako Molybdenum Mine - February 2011 www.thompsoncreekmetals.com).

In 2012, Thompson Creek Metals and Sojitz Corp. undertook a staged start up of a new mill at the Endako mine; full production is targeted for the second quarter. Various property-scale and company-wide complications resulted in suspension of mining in July, and production guidance was lowered with the processing of stockpiled ore. Work continued in the fourth quarter to optimize plant operations: the new mill is designed to increase throughput levels to 52,000 tonnes per day with reduced operating costs. Mining is expected to resume in the second half of 2013.

In 2013, the Endako mine of Thompson Creek Metals Company Inc. (operator and 75 per cent owner) and Sojitz Corp’s (25 per cent owner), faced the challenges of softer metal prices. As a cash saving measure, early mining in the year focused on low-grade stockpiles and six historic dumps. However, by June, mining had resumed in the southwest corner of the Denak West pit and northeast corner of the Endako pit. The new $650 million mill commissioned last year, is designed to increase throughput levels and reduce operating costs. It leaves the operation well-positioned to take advantage of a rally in molybdenum prices. Thompson Creek Mining Ltd. completed a program of legal surveys, a LiDAR topographic survey and orthophoto base mapping on the Endako property.

Due to adverse conditions in the molybdenum market, operations at the Endako mine were temporarily suspended at the end of 2014, and a decision followed to put the mine on care and maintenance at the start of July 2015.

Reserves and resources as of December 31, 2014 were reported as:

Thompson Creek Metals Company Annual Report 2014

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Category      Amount (tonnes)   Mo (%)
Proven +
Probable      33,400,000        0.049
Measured      47,600,000        0.047
Indicated     61,600,000        0.047
Measured +
Indicated    109,200,000        0.047
Inferred       2,200,000        0.039
Reserves calculated at 0.030% Mo cut-off
Resources calculated at 0.025% Mo cut-off
___________________________________________

Mineral reserves were re-classified as mineral resources in the 2015 mineral resources statement (December 31, 2015). Measured plus Indicated resources are 33.4 million tonnes at 0.049 per cent molybdenum (Information Circular 2017-1, page 41).

In 2016, the Endako mine became an asset of Centerra Gold Inc. through the acquisition of Thompson Creek Metals Company Inc. The current ownership status is Centerra Gold Inc. (operator and 75 per cent owner) and Sojitz Moly Resources,Inc. (25 per cent owner). Thompson Creek Metals Co. Inc. completed a minor program of rock, silt, and soil sampling on the northern portion of the Endako property.

In 2017, the Endako mine remained on care and maintenance. Thompson Creek Metals Co. Inc. completed a minor program of prospecting, and geochemical (rock and soil) sampling on the northern portion of the Endako property.

In 2018, Thompson Creek Metals Co. Inc. completed a 17.5 line-kilometre induced polarization survey on several areas of the Endako property.